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CNC turret punch press is an important category of CNC machine tools, mainly composed of control system, main transmission system, feeding system, turntable, mold and peripheral programming software. It is a high-speed, precision and flexible machining equipment that integrates machine, electricity, liquid and gas, and can perform punching and other forming processes on sheet metal.
According to the power source of the main transmission, CNC turret punch presses can be divided into the following three categories:
This structural form has a single motion characteristic, narrow processing technology range, low stamping frequency, high noise, easy wear of clutch and brake, low service life, and has been basically eliminated by the market.
Driven by hydraulic cylinders and controlled by electro-hydraulic servo valves for stamping, this type of product has been the mainstream product in the market for a considerable period of time. Compared with mechanical methods, its advantages include an expansion of stamping processability, an increase in stamping frequency, and a reduction in noise. However, there are disadvantages such as oil pollution, high power consumption, poor environmental and temperature tolerance, low reliability, and difficult maintenance.
With the improvement and promotion of high torque servo motors and drive systems in recent years, fully electric servo turret punch presses have made great progress and gradually replaced hydraulic structures, becoming the mainstream product in the industry.
Compared with traditional mechanical and hydraulic methods, the fully electric servo main transmission form has many advantages:
Due to its servo function, the motion curve of the punch is no longer just a sine curve, but an arbitrary curve that can be optimized and designed according to process requirements, greatly improving machining performance and expanding machining range.
The encoder on the servo motor can feed back the rotation angle information of the crankshaft to the numerical control system, and then process the real-time data of the punch position through the functional relationship between the punch displacement and the crankshaft angle, forming a semi closed loop control to achieve accurate control of the punch movement. The bottom dead center accuracy can be controlled within ± 0.05mm.
Servo punch presses can adjust the stroke of the punch according to different processing techniques. In a work cycle, there is no need to complete a 360 ° rotation, only a certain angle of swing is needed to complete the processing, which further shortens the cycle time and greatly improves production efficiency.
The CNC turret punch driven by servo motor relies entirely on the torque of the motor to work, and the motor only rotates when the punch is in motion, resulting in a significant energy-saving effect.
By setting the speed characteristic curve of the punch, when the upper die contacts the plate, appropriately reducing the movement speed of the punch can reduce noise by 8-12 dB compared to traditional mechanical and hydraulic CNC turret punch presses.
Currently, there are three main forms of mainstream servo main drive structures. These three forms of institutions are technologically mature and each has its own characteristics, all of which occupy a large market share.
The crank slider mechanism driven by dual motors is represented by the EM2510NT CNC turret punch press from AMADA Corporation in Japan. The dual motors are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the body, with a compact and small structure that can ensure sufficient torque output from the crankshaft and achieve high stamping frequency.
The crank elbow rod mechanism is represented by the MOTORUM-2048LT CNC turret punch press from Japan's MURATEC company. Although the structure is relatively complex, it utilizes the unique force increasing characteristics of the crank elbow mechanism to reduce the load torque of the servo motor. In addition, when the crank rotates once, the slider moves up and down twice, which can achieve a higher stamping frequency.
The crank slider mechanism driven by a single water-cooled high torque servo motor is represented by the EP series and H series fully electric servo CNC turret punching machines of Jiangsu Yangli CNC Machine Tool Co., Ltd. Due to the use of a single water-cooled high torque servo motor as the power source, the product has strong continuous load capacity, no synchronous control problem of dual motor drive, higher mechanical efficiency, better stability and reliability, and high cost-effectiveness.
The typical processing techniques of CNC turret punch mainly include punching and forming.
Punching process, also known as material separation process, refers to the separation of the processed material by cutting along a closed or non closed contour under external force. Punching processing can be used to directly punch finished parts, as well as to prepare blanks for the next process such as bending, deep drawing, and forming.
Usually, the punching process is mainly divided into the following four modes:
Single punch punching, including punching of straight line distribution, circular arc distribution, circumferential distribution, and grid holes.
By using rectangular molds to partially overlap and process, it is possible to process elongated holes, cut edges, etc. When using this punching mode, the stacking of molds during the punching process can cause the punching load to deviate from the center of the mold (bias load), which can cause torsional deformation of the machine tool structure and, in severe cases, may damage the mold. Therefore, when punching large apertures and thick plates with high loads, the overlap of molds should be minimized as much as possible to reduce bias load.
This is a processing method that uses small molds to process large holes, which can increase the flexibility of the machine tool and expand the processing range of the mold. Using this punching mode, it is usually necessary to rotate the punch to different angles through a rotating station, and coordinate with the positioning motion of the feeding mechanism in the XOY plane to complete it.
This is a common processing mode that uses a small circular die to continuously punch arcs or spline curves with a small step distance. Due to the use of small circles for fitting, the contour accuracy and cross-sectional quality are usually not high, and the punching efficiency is low. When the punching size is large and the quantity is large, it is recommended to use specialized punching molds.
Forming process refers to the processing method of obtaining a certain shape and size through plastic deformation of sheet metal under external force, with stress exceeding the yield point of the material. It mainly includes rolling ribs, shallow deep drawing, flanging, bending, etc. The main forming characteristics and supporting molds of some typical parts.
A processing method of shallow deep drawing according to the shape of the mold, using this forming mode, the shape and size of the mold must correspond one-to-one with the characteristics being processed, which is completely the same as the processing mode of ordinary press machines, and is a completely "rigid" processing mode.
A forming method that is larger than the mold size, such as large-sized louvers, rolling ribs, rolling steps, and other processing methods.
The forming process of sheet metal is comprehensively influenced by various factors such as material mechanical properties, plate thickness, forming temperature, forming speed, etc., involving material elastic deformation, plastic deformation, work hardening, material anisotropy, and other aspects, presenting a highly nonlinear forming mechanism. Its forming mechanism is extremely complex, and it is difficult to analyze it through traditional mechanical formulas in actual production. In a computer virtual environment, using finite element method to simulate the material forming process can achieve prediction and evaluation of elastic rebound, cracks, wrinkles, etc. during the forming process, which is conducive to in-depth research on the forming mechanism. In industrial production, finite element analysis can guide mold design and optimize forming process parameters, which has immeasurable practical application value.
CNC turret punch press is a widely used equipment in the field of sheet metal processing. With the continuous development of manufacturing technology, its development trend is also evolving. The following are several main CNC turret punching development trend.
Automation and intelligence are important trends in the development of CNC turret punch presses. With the advancement of Industry 4.0 and intelligent manufacturing, CNC turret punch presses will gradually develop towards high automation and intelligence. The main manifestations are:
Through integration with automated production lines, unmanned operation is achieved throughout the entire process to improve production efficiency.
The equipment can automatically detect deviations that occur during the machining process and make adjustments to improve machining accuracy and quality.
Integrating sensors and data collection systems to achieve equipment status monitoring and preventive maintenance, optimizing production processes through big data analysis.
The machining accuracy and speed of CNC turret punch press are the key directions for its technological development. In order to meet increasingly stringent precision requirements, modern CNC turret punch presses are constantly improving in the following aspects:
By adopting more precise CNC systems, servo drive systems, and advanced servo motor technology, higher machining accuracy can be provided.
With the development of efficient motors, hydraulic drive systems, and stamping modules, the stamping speed of CNC turret punch presses has been significantly improved, especially in efficient material cutting.
Modern CNC turret punching machines are not limited to punching, but can also perform various composite processing, such as cutting, bending, marking, forming, etc.
Many high-end CNC turret punch presses are equipped with multifunctional modules such as laser cutting, sheet bending, etc., making them integrated processing equipment with multiple processes, further improving processing flexibility and production efficiency.
The combination of laser cutting and stamping processes can achieve more complex machining tasks while shortening the machining cycle.
With the increasingly strict environmental regulations and the increasing cost pressure on enterprises, CNC turret punch presses are also developing towards energy conservation and environmental protection:
The new generation of CNC turret punch presses adopts more efficient motors and drive systems to reduce energy waste.
By more precise control and optimization of cutting paths, the generation of waste is reduced and material utilization is improved.
Improve mechanical structure and materials, reduce equipment operating noise, and comply with environmental protection and noise control requirements.
With the advancement of programming technology, the programming of CNC turret punching machines has become increasingly intelligent
Modern CNC turret punch presses are equipped with more intuitive and user-friendly programming systems, which can automatically generate stamping paths and optimize cutting sequences based on design drawings, reducing manual intervention and improving programming efficiency.
With the help of cloud computing technology, CNC turret punching machines can achieve remote control and monitoring. The operation status, production progress, and fault warning information of the equipment can be obtained in real time through the cloud platform, ensuring the efficient operation of the equipment.
In some scenarios of small-scale production and multi variety production, new requirements have been put forward for the flexibility and miniaturization of CNC turret punch presses:
In order to adapt to small workshops and production environments with limited space, modern CNC turret punch presses are becoming increasingly miniaturized, with more compact volumes, facilitating the rational use of factory space.
Through modular design, users can flexibly configure equipment functions according to actual needs, improving production flexibility and adaptability.
With the continuous application of new materials such as high-strength steel, aluminum alloys, copper, plastics, etc., the range of suitable materials for CNC turret punch presses is gradually expanding
Modern CNC turret punch presses are designed with adaptability to a variety of new materials in mind, enabling them to handle more complex materials.
With the advancement of technology, the ability of CNC turret punch presses to process thick plates and hard materials continues to improve, especially in the processing of high-strength steel plates.
With the continuous maturity of technology and market competition, the cost-effectiveness of CNC turret punching machines is constantly improving, and more and more small and medium-sized enterprises can also introduce this equipment. In the future, such devices will become more widespread, not limited to large manufacturing enterprises.
The future development trend of CNC turret punching machines will focus on automation, intelligence, multifunctionality, green environmental protection, high efficiency, and improved adaptability to various materials. With the continuous innovation of technology and changes in production demand, these devices will become more efficient, flexible, energy-saving, and able to cope with more complex and diverse processing tasks.